The ability of tardigrades to resist the negative effects of radiation is now better understood thanks to the work of American researchers at the University of North Carolina.
The ability of this microscopic animal to survive in harsh environments was known, but science has struggled to explain its ability to withstand intense exposure to radiation that destroys DNA and endangers the lives of humans and most animals.
In fact, as early as the 1960s, French scientists observed that tardigrades could survive exposure to intense doses of ionizing radiation up to about 1,000 times greater than the lethal dose for humans.
Tardigrades in Bob Goldstein's microscope.
Photo: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Hypsibius exemplaris does indeed experience DNA damage during gamma irradiation, and we have discovered how to repair this damage, “text”:We have demonstrated that tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris does indeed experience DNA damage during gamma irradiation, and we have discovered how this damage is repaired”}}”>We have proven that tardigrades Typical Hepsibius It actually undergoes DNA damage during gamma irradiation, and we've figured out how to repair this damage
explained in a press release Bob Goldstein and colleagues, whose work is published in the journal Current biology (A new window) (in English).
More specifically, these researchers discovered that irradiation causes a significant increase in the activity of some genes involved in DNA repair in tardigrades. In addition, they also demonstrated that at least one of these genes increases radiation tolerance.
The researchers also conducted experiments on tardigrade genes found in bacteria, which confirmed increased expression of certain genes Reformers
It may be sufficient to increase radiation tolerance.
We hypothesize that the ability of tardigrades to detect ionizing radiation and dramatically increase the expression of specific DNA repair genes represents an evolutionary solution to maintaining the integrity of their DNA.
Milestones
- Tardigrades were first described in 1773 by the German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goise.
- They constitute a diverse group of microscopic invertebrates that includes more than 1,200 species.
- Their maximum size can reach 0.5 mm and can be observed under a microscope.
- They can live up to 60 years and are able to survive up to 30 years without food or water.
- Tardigrades are found almost everywhere, including some Himalayan peaks and deep in the oceans.
- They can withstand extreme temperatures, ranging from -272°C to +150°C, for a few minutes.
- They are also able to withstand extreme pressure.
Close-up of a tardigrade (artistic illustration)
Photo: Getty Images/istockphoto/dottedhippo
Mystery finally solved
Researcher Bob Goldstein has studied tardigrades in his laboratory for more than 25 years. His work has identified many of the survival strategies developed by tardigrades.
His latest discovery, made with Courtney Clark Hachtel, one of his former students, was a surprise, because if tardigrades were not immune to DNA damage, they could increase the amount of gene production. Reformers
DNA.
These animals are incredibly reactive to radiation, which seems to be the secret to their extreme survival skills
says Courtney Clark Hachtel.
This new knowledge about the response of tardigrades to radiation stress could allow testing of new ideas for protecting animals and other microorganisms from radiation.
French researchers obtained similar results that were recently published in the journal eLife.
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